Step By Step Help Garmin Drivetrack 70/ 71

Troubleshooting Common Issues on the Garmin Drivetrack

My dogs do not appear on my screen
  • Verify your compatible handheld device is within 10 ft (3 m) of your Garmin DriveTrack device.
  • Verify broadcasting is enabled on your handheld device.
  • Verify your collars are turned on and connected to your handheld device.

For more information, see the owner’s manual for your handheld device.

The suction cup will not stay on my windshield

Step 1: Clean the suction cup and windscreen with surgical spirit.

Step 2: Dry with a clean, dry cloth.

Step 3: Mount the suction cup.

My device is not acquiring satellite signals

My device is not acquiring satellite signals

  • Verify the GPS simulator is turned off.
  • Take your device out of multi-storey car parks and away from tall buildings and trees.
  • Remain stationary for several minutes.
The device does not charge in my vehicle
  • Check the fuse in the vehicle power cable.
  • Verify that the vehicle is turned on and is supplying power to the power outlet.
  • Verify that the interior temperature of the vehicle is within the charging temperature range indicated in the specifications.
  • Verify that the fuse is not broken in the vehicle power socket.
My battery does not stay charged for very long
  • Decrease the screen brightness.
  • Shorten the display timeout.
  • Decrease the volume.
  • Turn off the wi-fi radio when it is not in use.
  • Put the device in power saving mode when not in use.
  • Keep your device away from extreme temperatures.
  • Do not leave your device in direct sunlight.
My device does not connect to my phone or Smartphone Link
  • Select Settings, then Wireless Networks. The Bluetooth option must be enabled.
  • Enable Bluetooth wireless technology on your phone and bring your phone within 10 m (33 ft.) of the device.
  • On your smartphone, open the Smartphone Link app, and select ⬛️ then ▶ to restart the Smartphone Link background services.
  • Verify your phone is compatible. Go to www.garmin.com/bluetooth for more information.
The Smartphone Link app affects the battery charge level on my smartphone

The Smartphone Link app uses Bluetooth wireless technology to send data to and receive data from your device. It is normal for an active Bluetooth connection to consume some battery power. The app also periodically checks for updates to available services, which may consume additional battery power.

You can change the battery usage settings in the Smartphone Link app to reduce the amount of battery power the app uses.

Step 1: From the Smartphone Link app on your smartphone, select .

Step 2: Scroll to the Battery Usage section, and select Settings.

Step 3: Select one or more options:

  • Clear the Bluetooth Auto-Connect tick box.
    Disabling this option may save a small amount of battery power, but it prevents the app from connecting to your Garmin DriveTrack device automatically. While this option is disabled, you must select from the Smartphone Link main menu each time you want to connect your device to Smartphone Link.
  • Clear the Live Services Check tick box.
    On some smartphones, disabling this option may significantly reduce the battery power used by the app. While this option is disabled, you must manually refresh the Smartphone Link main menu to receive updated information about available live services.

Getting to Know your Garmin DriveTrack 71

Mounting and Powering in the Vehicle

WARNING! This product contains a lithium-ion battery. To prevent the possibility of personal injury or product damage caused by battery exposure to extreme heat, store the device out of direct sunlight.

Before you use your device on battery power, you should charge it.

Step 1: Plug the vehicle power cable (1)  into the USB port on the device.

Step 2: Press the mount (2) onto the suction cup (3) until it snaps into place.

Step 3: Press the suction cup to the windshield, and flip the lever (4) back toward the windshield.

Step 4: Fit the tab on the top of the mount into the slot on the back of the device.

Step 5: Press the bottom of the mount into the device until it clicks.

Step 6: Plug the other end of the vehicle power cable into a power outlet in your vehicle.

Acquiring GPS Signals

When you turn on your navigation device, the GPS receiver must collect satellite data and establish the current location. The time required to acquire satellite signals varies based on several factors, including how far you are from the location where you last used your navigation device, whether you have a clear view of the sky, and how long it has been since you last used your navigation device. The first time you turn on your navigation device, it may take several minutes to acquire satellite signals.

Step 1: Turn on the device.

Step 2: Wait while the device locates satellites.

Step 3: If necessary, go to an open area, away from tall buildings and trees.

📶 in the status bar indicates the satellite signal strength. When at least half the bars are filled, the device is ready for navigation.

Adjusting Screen Brightness.

Step 1: Select Settings.

Step 2: Select Display.

Step 3: Select Brightness.

Step 4: Use the slider bar to adjust the brightness.

Adjusting the Volume

Step 1: Select Volume.

Step 2: Select an option:

  • Use the slider bar to adjust the volume.
  • Select mute button to mute the device.
  • Select wrench for additional options.
Enable Automatic Volume

Your device can increase or decrease the volume automatically based on the level of background noise.

Step 1: Select Volume, then wrench symbol .

Step 2: Select Automatic Volume.

Using the Audio Mixer

You can use the audio mixer to set the volume levels for different audio types, such as navigation prompts or phone calls. The level for each audio type is a percentage of the master volume.

Step 1: Select Volume.

Step 2: Select wrench symbol, then select Audio Mixer.

Step 3:Use the sliders to adjust the volume for each audio type.

Garmin DriveTrack 71 Dog Tracking

Dog Tracking – Receiving Data from your Handheld

Before you can receive data, you must enable broadcasting on your handheld device. See the owner’s manual for your handheld device for more information.

Place your handheld within 10 ft of your Garmin DriveTrack™ device.
Note: Your Garmin DriveTrack device receives data from one compatible handheld device at a time. Stay more than 10 ft away from other handheld devices or disable broadcasting on handheld devices from which you do not want to receive data.

The devices connect and synchronize automatically. When your Garmin DriveTrack device receives data from a compatible handheld device, appears on the main menu

Dog Tracking – Tracking your Dogs

Step 1: Select Dogs. The dogs connected to your handheld device appear on the screen.

Step 2: Select a dog. The dog’s location and track log appear on the map.

Step 3: Select Go! to navigate to your dog.

Dog Tracking – Viewing you Dogs on the Map

Step 1: While viewing the map, select anywhere on the map.

Step 2: Select Dog Symbol

The device zooms to show all of your dogs on the screen.

Dog Tracking – Viewing the Topographic Map

Step 1: From the map, select wrench, then Topo Map.

Note: If the Topo Map map tool is not in the map tools menu, you can add it.

Garmin DriveTrack 71  Driving & Navigation

Driving – Driver Awareness Features and Alerts

CAUTION! The driver alerts and speed limit features are for information only and do not replace your responsibility to abide by all posted speed limit signs and to use safe driving judgment at all times. Garmin® and Outdoor Dog Supply is not responsible for any traffic fines or citations you receive for failing to follow all applicable traffic laws and signs.

Your device provides features that can help encourage safer driving and increase efficiency, even when you are driving in a familiar area. The device plays an audible tone or message and displays information for each alert. You can enable or disable the audible tone for some types of driver alerts. Not all alerts are available in all areas.

Schools – The device plays a tone and displays the distance to and speed limit (if available) for an upcoming school or school zone.

Speed limit reduction – The device plays a tone and displays the upcoming reduced speed limit so you can be prepared to reduce your speed.

Speed limit exceeded – The device plays a tone and displays a red border on the speed limit icon when you exceed the posted speed limit for the current road.

Speed limit change – The device plays a tone and displays the upcoming speed limit so you can be prepared to adjust your speed.

Wrong way on a one-way street – The device plays a message and displays a full-screen warning if you travel the wrong way on a one-way street. The edges of the screen appear red and an alert remains at the top of the screen until you leave the one-way street or correct your direction of travel.

Railroad crossing – The device plays a tone and displays the distance to an upcoming railroad crossing.

Animal crossing – The device plays a tone and displays the distance to an upcoming animal crossing area.

Curves – The device plays a tone and displays the distance to a curve in the road.

Slower traffic – The device plays a tone and displays the distance to slower traffic when you approach slower traffic at a higher speed. Your device must be receiving traffic information to use this feature (Traffic).

Fatigue warning – The device plays a tone and suggests upcoming rest stops after you have been driving for more than two hours without stopping.

Driving – Enabling/Disabling Audible Driver Alerts

You can enable or disable the audible tone for some types of driver alerts. The visual alert appears even when the tone is disabled.

Step 1: Select Settings.

Step 2: Select Driver Assistance.

Step 3: Select Audible Driver Alerts.

Step 4: Select or clear the check box next to each alert.

Driving – Red Light and Speed Cameras

NOTICE! Garmin® and Outdoor Dog Supply is not responsible for the accuracy of or the consequences of using a red light or speed camera database.
NOTE: This feature is not available for all regions or product models.

Information about red light and speed camera locations is available in some areas for some product models. The device alerts you when you approach a reported speed or red light camera.

  • Live red light and safety camera data is available as a subscription from Garmin Live Services using the Smartphone Link app.
  • To maintain an updated database of red light and speed camera locations, your device must have an active subscription to download and store safety camera data. Go to garmin.com/speedcameras to check availability and compatibility, or to purchase a subscription or one-time update. You can purchase a new region or extend an existing subscription at any time.
    NOTE: In some regions, some product bundles include pre-loaded red light and speed camera data with subscription-free updates.
  • You can use the Garmin Express™ software (garmin.com/express) to update the camera database stored on your device. You should update your device frequently to receive the most up-to-date camera information.
Navigation – Routes

A route is a path from your current location to one or more destinations.

  • The device calculates a recommended route to your destination based on the preferences you set, including the route calculation mode and avoidances.
  • You can start navigating to your destination quickly using the recommended route, or you can select an alternate route.
  • If there are specific roads you need to use or avoid, you can customize the route.
  • You can add multiple destinations to a route.
Navigation – Starting a Route

Step 1: Select Where To?, and search for a location.

Step 2: Select a location.

Step 3: Select an option:

  • To start navigating using the recommended route, select Go!.
  • To choose an alternate route, select the y symbol with two arrows , and select a route.
    Alternate routes appear to the right of the map.
  • To edit the course of the route, select y symbol with two arrows , then Edit Route, and add shaping points to the route.

The device calculates a route to the location and guides you using voice prompts and information on the map. A preview of the major roads in your route appears at the edge of the map for several seconds.

If you need to stop at additional destinations, you can add the locations to your route.

To start a route with the map:

Step 1: Select View Map.

Step 2: Drag and zoom the map to display the area to search.

Step 3: If necessary, select to filter the displayed points of interest by category. Location markers (  or a blue dot) appear on the map.

Step 4: Select an option:

  • Select a location marker.
  • Select a point, such as a street, intersection, or address location.

Step 5: Select Go!

Navigation – Going Home

The first time you start a route home, the device prompts you to enter your home location.

Step 1: Select Where To?, then Go Home.

Step 2: If necessary, enter your home location.

To edit your home location:

Step 1: Select Where To?, then 🟰 .

Step 2: Select Set Home Location.

Step 3: Enter your home location.

Navigation – Your Route on the Map
  1. Next action in the route. Indicates the next turn, exit, or other action and the lane in which you should travel, if available.
  2. Distance to the next location.
  3. Name of the street or exit associated with the next action.
  4. Route highlighted on the map.
  5. Next action in the route. Arrows on the map indicate the location of upcoming actions.
  6. Vehicle speed.
  7. Name of the road on which you are.
  8. Estimated arrival time. You can touch this field to change the information it shows.
Navigation – Active Lane Guidance

As you approach some turns, exits, or interchanges in your route, a detailed simulation of the road appears beside the map, if available. A colored line Callout number one indicates the proper lane for the turn.

Navigation – Viewing Turns and Directions

While navigating a route, you can view upcoming turns, lane changes, or other directions for your route.

Step 1: From the map, select an option:

  • To view upcoming turns and directions as you navigate, select wrench then select Turns.
  • The map tool displays the next four turns or directions beside the map. The list updates automatically as you navigate the route.
  • To view the complete list of turns and directions for the entire route, select the text bar at the top of the map.

Step 2: Select a turn or direction (optional).
Detailed information appears. An image of the junction may appear for junctions on major roadways, if available.

Navigation – Viewing the Entire Route on the Map

Step 1: While navigating a route, select anywhere on the map.

Step 2: Select flag symbol

Navigation – Arriving at your Destination

When you approach your destination, the device provides information to help you complete your route.

  •  The flag indicates the location of your destination on the map, and a voice prompt announces you are approaching your destination.
  • When you approach some destinations, the device automatically prompts you to search for parking. You can select Yes to find nearby parking areas.
  • When you must park or stop a longer distance from your destination, you can continue to your destination on foot using your Garmin DriveTrack™ device or a compatible Garmin® watch with Connect IQ™.
  • When you stop at your destination, the device automatically ends the route. If the device does not detect your arrival automatically, you can select Stop to end your route.
Navigation – Parking Near your Destination

Your device can help you find a parking spot near your destination. When you approach some destinations, the device automatically prompts you to search for parking.

Step 1: Select an option:

  • When the device prompts you, select Yes to search for nearby parking.
  • If the device does not prompt you, select Where To?, then Categories, then Parking, and select map pin point , then My Destination.

Step 2: Select Filter Parking, and select one or more categories to filter parking by availability, type, price, or payment methods (optional). NOTE: Detailed parking data is not available in all areas or for all parking locations.

Step 3: Select a parking location, and select Go!, then Add As Next Stop.

The device guides you to the parking area.

Navigation – Adding a Location to your Route

Before you can add a location to your route, you must be navigating a route.

You can add locations to the middle or end of your route. For example, you can add a fuel station as the next destination in your route.

TIP: To create complex routes with multiple destinations or scheduled stops, you can use the trip planner to plan, schedule, and save a trip.

Step 1: From the map, select back arrow , then Where To?.

Step 2: Search for a location.

Step 3: Select a location.

Step 4: Select Go!.

Step 5: Select an option:

  • To add the location as the next destination in your route, select Add As Next Stop.
  • To add the location to the end of your route, select Add As Last Stop.
  • To add the location and edit the order of destinations in your route, select Add to Active Route.

The device re-calculates the route to include the added location and guides you to the destinations in order.

Navigation – Shaping Your Route

Before you can shape your route, you must start a route.

You can manually shape your route to change its course. This allows you to direct the route to use a certain road or go through a certain area without adding a destination to the route.

Step 1: Touch anywhere on the map.

Step 2: Select add route. The device enters route shaping mode.

Step 3: Select a location on the map. TIP: You can select to zoom in on the map and select a more precise location.
The device recalculates the route to travel through the selected location.

Step 4: If necessary, select an option:

  • To add more shaping points to the route, select additional locations on the map.
  • To remove a shaping point, select trash .

Step 5: When you are finished shaping the route, select Go!

Navigation – Taking a Detour

You can take a detour for a specified distance along your route or detour around specific roads. This is useful if you encounter construction zones, closed roads, or poor road conditions.

Step 1: From the map, select the wrench , then Change Route.
TIP: If the Change Route tool is not in the map tools menu, you can add it (Enabling Map Tools).

Step 2: Select an option:

  • To detour your route for a specific distance, select Detour by Distance.
  • To detour around a specific road on the route, select Detour by Road.
  • To find a new route, select Detour.
Navigation – Changing Route Calculation Mode

Step 1: Select Settings.

Step 2: Select Navigation.

Step 3: Select Calculation Mode.

Step 4: Select an option:

  • Select Faster Time to calculate routes that are faster to drive but can be longer in distance.
  • Select Off Road to calculate point-to-point routes (without roads).
  • Select Shorter Distance to calculate routes that are shorter in distance but can take more time to drive.
Navigation – Stopping the Route

Step 1: From the map, select the wrench symbol

Step 2: Select Stop.

Navigation – Avoiding Delays, Tolls, and Areas

To Avoid Traffic Delays on your Route: Before you can avoid traffic delays, you must be receiving traffic information. By default, the device optimizes your route to avoid traffic delays automatically. If you have disabled this option in the traffic setting, you can view and avoid traffic delays manually.

Step 1: While navigating a route, select the wrench symbol , then Traffic.

Step 2: Select Alternate Route, if available.

Step 3: Select Go!.

To avoid Toll Roads: Your device can avoid routing you through areas that require tolls, such as toll roads, toll bridges, or congestion areas. The device may still include a toll area in your route if no other reasonable routes are available.

Step 1: Select Settings, then Navigation.

Step 2: Select an option: NOTE: The menu changes based on your area and the map data on your device.

  • Select Toll Roads.
  • Select Tolls and Fees, then Toll Roads.

Step 3: Select an option:

  • To be asked each time before routing through a toll area, select Always Ask.
  • To always avoid tolls, select Avoid.
  • To always allow tolls, select Allow.

Step 4: Select Save

Navigating – Off Road

If you are not following roadways as you navigate, you can use Off Road mode.

Step 1: Select Settings.

Step 2: Select Navigation.

Step 3: Select Calculation Mode.

Step 4: Select Off Road.

Step 5: Select Save. The next route will be calculated as a straight line to the location.

Locations – Finding Points of Interest

A point of interest is a place that you may find useful or interesting. Points of interest are organized by category and can include popular travel destinations such as gas stations, restaurants, hotels, and entertainment venues.

To find a location using the search bar: 

Step 1: Select Where To?.

Step 2: Select Enter Search in the search bar.

Step 3: Enter all or part of the search term. Suggested search terms appear below the search bar.

Step 4: Select an option:

  • To search for a type of business, enter a category name (for example, “movie theaters”).
  • To search for a business name, enter all or part of the name.
  • To search for an address near you, enter the house number and street name.
  • To search for an address in another city, enter the house number, street name, city, and state.
  • To search for a city, enter the city and state.
  • To search for coordinates, enter latitude and longitude coordinates.

Step 5: Select an option:

  • To search using a suggested search term, select the term.
  • To search using the text you entered, select .

Step 6: If necessary, select a location.

To Search by category: After you have performed a search for a point of interest, certain categories may display a Quick Search list that shows the last four destinations you selected.

Step 1: Select Where to?, then Categories.

Step 2: Select a category.

Step 3: Select an option:

  • Select a destination from the quick search list on the right side of the screen. The quick search list provides a list of recently found locations in the selected category.
  • Select a subcategory, if necessary, and select a destination.
To save a location

Step 1: Search for a location.

Step 2: From the search results, select a location.

Step 3: Select .

Step 4: Select , then Save.

Step 5: If necessary, enter a name, select Done.

To delete a saved location: Deleted locations cannot be recovered.

Step 1: Select Where To?, then select Saved.

Step 2: Select , then Delete Saved Places.

Step 3: Select the box next to the saved locations to delete, and select Delete.

Using The Map

You can use the map to navigate a route or to view a map of your surroundings when no route is active.

Step 1: Select View Map.

Step 2: Touch anywhere on the map.

Step 3: Select an option:

  • Drag the map to pan left, right, up, or down.
  • To zoom in or out, + select -  or  .
  • To switch between North Up and 3-D views, select the arrow .
  • To filter the displayed points of interest by category, select magnifying glass icon .
  • To start a route, select a location on the map, and select Go!
Map Tools

Map tools provide quick access to information and device functions while you view the map. When you activate a map tool, it appears in a panel at the edge of the map.

Stop – Stops navigation of the active route.

Change Route – Allows you to take a detour or skip locations in your route.

Up Ahead – Displays upcoming locations along the route or the road on which you are traveling.

Turns – Displays a list of upcoming turns in your route.

Trip Data – Displays customizable trip data, such as speed or mileage.

Volume – Adjusts the master audio volume.

Brightness – Adjusts the screen brightness.

Phone – Displays a list of recent phone calls from your connected phone, and displays in-call options while a phone call is active.

LiveTrack – Allows you to start and stop LiveTrack sharing.

Traffic – Displays traffic conditions along your route or in your area.

Weather – Displays weather conditions for your area.

photoLive – Displays live traffic cameras from your photoLive subscription.

Report Camera – Allows you to report a speed or red light camera. This tool is available only when you have speed or red light camera data on your device and you have an active connection to the Smartphone Link app.

To view a map tool:

Step 1: From the map, select .

Step 2: Select a map tool. The map tool appears in the panel at the edge of the map.

Step 3: When you are done using the map tool, select .

Systems

Voice command Info

NOTE: Voice command is not available for all languages and regions, and may not be available on all models.
NOTE: Voice Activated Navigation may not achieve desired performance when in a noisy environment.

Voice command allows you to use your device by saying words and commands. The voice command menu provides voice prompts and a list of available commands.

Set the Wakeup Phrase: The wakeup phrase is a word or phrase you can say to activate voice command. The default wakeup phrase is Voice Command. TIP: You can reduce the chance of accidental voice command activation by using a strong wakeup phrase.

Step 1: Select Apps, then select Voice Command.

Step 2: Select wrench symbol , then choose Wake Up Phrase.

Step 3: Enter a new wakeup phrase. The device indicates the strength of the wakeup phrase as you enter the phrase.

Step 4: Select Done.

Now you can just say your wakeup phrase and the voice command menu appears.

Apps – Viewing the Owner’s Manual on your Device

You can view the complete owner’s manual on the device screen in many languages.

Step 1: Select Apps.

Step 2: Select Owner’s Manual. The owner’s manual appears in the same language as the software text.

Step 3: Select to search the owner’s manual 

Garmin DriveTrack 71 Settings

Settings – Map & Vehicle

Step 1: Select Settings.

Step 2: Select Map & Vehicle.

Dog Labels – Sets the labels that appear next to your dog’s location on the map.

Dog Label Size – Sets the size of dog labels on the map.

Dog Icon Size – Sets the size of dog icons on the map.

Dog Tracks – Shows the dog track history on the map.

Audible Dog Alerts – Enables an audible alert for dog status changes.

Vehicle – Sets the vehicle icon that represents your position on the map.

Orientation – Sets the perspective on the map.

Map Detail – Sets the level of detail on the map. More detail may cause the map to draw slower.

Map Theme – Changes the color of the map data.

Map Tools – Sets the shortcuts that appear in the map tools menu.

Map Layers – Sets the data that appears on the map page.

Auto Zoom – Automatically selects the zoom level for optimal use of your map. When disabled, you must zoom in or out manually.

Configure Maps – Sets which installed maps the device uses.

Settings – Navigation

Step 1: Select Settings.

Step 2: Select Navigation.

Route Preview – Shows a preview of the major roads in your route when you start navigation.

Calculation Mode – Sets the route calculation method.

Avoidances – Sets road features to avoid on a route.

Custom Avoidances – Allows you to avoid specific roads or areas.

Toll Roads – Sets preferences for avoiding toll roads.

Tolls and Fees – Sets preferences for avoiding toll roads and toll stickers.
NOTE: This feature is not available in all areas.

Environmental Zones – Sets the avoidance preferences for areas with environmental or emissions restrictions that may apply to your vehicle.

Restricted Mode – Disables all functions that require significant operator attention.

GPS Simulator – Stops the device from receiving a GPS signal, and saves battery power.

Settings – Wireless Networks

Step 1: Select Settings.

Step 2: Select Wireless Networks.

Bluetooth – Enables Bluetooth wireless technology.

Paired Device Name – The names of paired Bluetooth devices appear in the menu. You can select a device name to change Bluetooth feature settings for that device.

Search for Devices – Searches for nearby Bluetooth devices.

Friendly Name – Allows you to enter a friendly name that identifies your device on other devices with Bluetooth wireless technology.

Wi-Fi – Enables the Wi‑Fi radio.

Saved Networks – Allows you to edit or remove saved networks.

Search for Networks – Searches for nearby Wi‑Fi networks.

Settings – Display

Step 1: Select Settings.

Step 2: Select Display.

Color Mode – Allows you to select day or night color mode. If you select the Auto option, the device automatically switches to day or night colors based on the time of day.

Brightness – Allows you to adjust the display brightness.

Display Timeout –  Allows you to set the amount of idle time before your device enters sleep mode while using battery power.

Screenshot – Allows you to take a picture of the device screen. Screenshots are saved in the Screenshot folder of the device storage.

Settings – Traffic

Step 1: Select Settings.

Step 2: Select Traffic.

Traffic – Enables traffic.

Current Provider – Sets the traffic provider to use for traffic data. The Auto option selects the best available traffic data automatically.

Subscriptions – Lists the current traffic subscriptions.

Optimize Route – Enables the device to use optimized alternate routes automatically or upon request (Avoiding Traffic Delays on Your Route).

Traffic Alerts – Sets the traffic delay severity for which the device displays a traffic alert.

Settings – Units and Time

Step 1: Select Settings.

Step 2: Select Units & Time.

Current Time – Sets the device time.

Time Format – Allows you to select a 12-hour, 24-hour, or UTC display time.

Units – Sets the unit of measure used for distances.

Position Format – Sets the coordinate format and datum used for geographical coordinates.

Settings – Language & Keyboard

Step 1: Select Settings.

Step 2: Select Language & Keyboard.

Voice Language – Sets the language for voice prompts.

Text Language – Sets all on-screen text to the selected language.
NOTE: Changing the text language does not change the language of user-entered data or map data, such as street names.

Keyboard Language – Enables keyboard languages.